The Legal guarantees academic freedom -a comparative study-

Abstract

Abstract: - The introduction of academic freedom in universities and academic institutions is not sufficient to ensure its realization. Rather, it is necessary to find a safe fence to practice it and protect it from any interference or violation, and this is achieved by deciding to protect it by constitutional texts by stipulating it, in addition to the texts of the relevant laws, any legislative guarantees to protect these. Freedom, as we note that the provision for institutional independence or independence of universities in constitutions and university laws is the most important legislative guarantee to protect this freedom and is intended by the university to exercise its work in a form of independence without any interference from any party, regardless of internal or external, but nevertheless all the What reinforces and implements these guarantees is the natural nature of the political system prevailing in the country.

Keywords

• academy,,
• ,،,؛constitutionality,,
• ,،,؛university independence