The Experience of OFF Periods in Parkinson’s Disease: Descriptions, Triggers, and Alleviating Factors

Abstract

Purpose: Wearing off of Parkinson’s disease medication is common, but triggers and coping strategies for this transient phenomenon are poorly understood. We aimed to assess the lived experience of OFF periods for people with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Participants in the longitudinal Fox Insight study who endorsed OFF periods were invited to complete a survey consisting of both multiple-choice and free-text responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize multiple-choice responses, and free-text responses were classified into themes through iterative discussion by 3 movement disorders specialists. Results: A total of 2110 participants (52.4% male) completed the survey. Tremor was the most common description of OFF periods (n = 1038, 49.2%), followed by gait changes (n = 535, 25.4%) and rigidity (n = 430, 20.4%). Of 1498 specific triggers for OFF symptoms, the most common was stress (n = 920, 61.4%), followed by anxiety/depression (n = 476, 31.8%) and tiredness/fatigue (n = 351, 23.4%). Common coping strategies (n = 1416 responses) included exercise (n = 678, 47.9%), taking a break (n = 504, 35.6%), and meditation (n = 276, 19.5%). Conclusions: Although OFF periods are common, the individual experiences of OFF vary. This knowledge could be used to develop new counseling strategies for OFF periods in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Keywords

• parkinson's disease
• wearing off
• communication barriers
• triggers
• coping strategies