Isolation and Polyphasic Characterization of <i>Desulfuromonas versatilis</i> sp. Nov., an Electrogenic Bacteria Capable of Versatile Metabolism Isolated from a Graphene Oxide-Reducing Enrichment Culture

Abstract

In this study, a novel electrogenic bacterium denoted as strain NIT-T3 of the genus Desulfuromonas was isolated from a graphene-oxide-reducing enrichment culture that was originally obtained from a mixture of seawater and coastal sand. Strain NIT-T3 utilized hydrogen and various organic acids as electron donors and exhibited respiration using electrodes, ferric iron, nitrate, and elemental sulfur. The strain contained C16:1ω7c, C16:0, and C15:0 as major fatty acids and MK-8, 9, and 7 as the major respiratory quinones. Strain NIT-T3 contained four 16S rRNA genes and showed 95.7% similarity to Desulfuromonasmichiganensis BB1T, the closest relative. The genome was 4.7 Mbp in size and encoded 76 putative c-type cytochromes, which included 6 unique c-type cytochromes (Desulfuromonas versatilis’ sp. nov.

Keywords

• <i>Desulfuromonas</i>
• electrogenic bacteria
• nitrate respiration
• graphene oxide