Changes in soft tissue dimensions following horizontal guided bone regeneration with a split-thickness flap design – evaluation of 8 cases with a digital method

Abstract

Abstract Background Peri-implant soft tissue corrections are often indicated following alveolar ridge augmentation, due to the distortion of the keratinized mucosa at the area of augmentation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the dimensional soft tissue changes following horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) utilizing 3D digital data. Methods 8 mandibular surgical sites with horizontal alveolar ridge deficiencies were treated utilizing a resorbable collagen membrane and a split-thickness flap design. Baseline and 6-month follow-up cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were reconstructed as 3D virtual models and were superimposed with the corresponding intraoral scan. Linear changes of supracrestal vertical- horizontal soft tissue alterations were measured in relation to the alveolar crest at the mesial- middle- and distal aspect of the surgical area. Soft tissue dimensions were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Results Preoperative supracrestal soft tissue height measured midcrestally averaged at 2.37 mm ± 0.68 mm, 2.37 mm ± 0.71 mm and 2.64 mm ± 0.87 mm at the mesial-, middle- and distal planes. Whereas postoperative supracrestal soft tissue height was measured at 2.62 mm ± 0.72 mm, 2.67 mm ± 0.67 mm and 3.69 mm ± 1.02 mm at the mesial, middle and distal planes, respectively. Supracrestal soft tissue width changed from 2.14 mm ± 0.72 mm to 2.47 mm ± 0.46 mm at the mesial, from 1.72 mm ± 0.44 mm to 2.07 mm ± 0.67 mm and from 2.15 mm ± 0.36 mm to 2.36 mm ± 0.59 mm at the mesial, middle and distal planes, respectively. Additionally the buccal horizontal displacement of supracrestal soft tissues could be observed. Conclusions The current study did not report significant supracrestal soft tissue reduction following horizontal GBR with a split-thickness flap. Even though there was a slight increase in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, differences are clinically negligible. Trail registration The trail was approved by the U.S. National Library of Medicine ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ); trial registration number: NCT05538715; registration date: 09/09/2022.

Keywords

• Soft tissue alterations
• Horizontal ridge augmentation
• Split-thickness flap
• Intraoral scan
• CBCT analysis