GENESIS OF HEALTH - ORIENTED PHYSICAL CULTURE AT SCHOOLS OF RUSSIA (THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY - THE 80S OF THE XX CENTURY)

Abstract

This work is devoted to genesis of ideas of Russian schoolchildren health maintenance, promotion and formation by physical training means within the period from the end of the XIX century till the 80s of the XX century. At the beginning of the XX century one of the perspective directions in development of the Russian physical training theory was scientific investigation of schoolchildren’s health improvement by physical culture means. At the end of the XIX century in the Russian physical culture theory there were already marked out two independent, opposite in certain degree approaches - educational and hygienic. At the beginning of the XX century hygienic and educational tasks of physical education were recognized parity and compulsory. At the pre-revolutionary period of the health–oriented physical culture development at Russian schools physical training lesson was included into educational content as a compulsory subject at advanced schools. The aim of rising healthy generation caused establishment of innovative schools already in the first years of Soviet government. Schoolchildren’s military-physical training was one of the central points in educational process during the Second World War. In the post-war period the scientists concentrated their attention on the war consequences study. At the end of 80s there was accumulated significant scientific and experimental works on health-improving measures for pupils. It has led to appearance and further promotion of health–oriented vector of physical education and pupils’ health protection development.

Keywords

• health – diabetes mellitus
• physical activity
• physical education
• special needs students
• teacher responsibility