Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub>-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells
Abozer Y. Elderdery,
Abdulaziz H. Alhamidi,
Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa,
Maryam M. Althobiti,
Nawal Eltayeb Omer,
Mahdi H. Alsugoor,
Naif Alsuhaymi,
Entesar M. Atebien,
Siddiqa M. A. Hamza,
Badr Alzahrani,
Fehaid Alanazi,
Suresh S. Kumar,
Pooi Ling Mok
Affiliations
Abozer Y. Elderdery
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz H. Alhamidi
Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 13316, Saudi Arabia
Maryam M. Althobiti
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Shaqra 15572, Saudi Arabia
Nawal Eltayeb Omer
Hereditary Blood Disease Center, Al Ehsaa, Saudi Arabia
Mahdi H. Alsugoor
Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia
Naif Alsuhaymi
Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia
Entesar M. Atebien
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Shaqra 15572, Saudi Arabia
Siddiqa M. A. Hamza
College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Umm Alqura University Algunfuda, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
Badr Alzahrani
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
Fehaid Alanazi
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences-AlQurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
Suresh S. Kumar
Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
Pooi Ling Mok
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were confirmed and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. A human leukemia cell line (MOLT-4) was used to assess the efficacy and selectivity of nanocomposites. Based on a cytotoxicity study, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites had inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 13.68, 8.9, and 7.14 µg/mL against human T lymphoblast cells after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. Compared with untreated MOLT-4 cells, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-treated cells significantly increased (p p 2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-mediated control of cell cycles were mainly achieved through the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9.
