جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری (Sep 2021)
Evaluating the Climate Adaptability of the Architectural Patterns in New Housing (Case Study: Abadeh City)
Abstract
Objective: Considering the main goals of passive design in different climatic zones and predicting the items that would facilitate acquiring these goals may provide effective solutions for design-related challenges, such as the new housing programs, and the revitalization and reconstruction of deteriorated houses; furthermore, it may also encourage the use of renewable resources and energy-saving features for an optimum environmental adaptation, and eventually create a distinct architectural identity for each climate zone and provide for the welfare and human comfort in buildings.Methods: To achieve the research objective, which is the bioclimatic welfare assessment in the new houses of Abadeh, an analytical-descriptive method was used. As such, the monthly data (1984–2013) of Abadeh synoptic station was analyzed. Subsequently, to determine the range of new housing thermal comfort following the experimental Mahoney bioclimatic construction indexes method, 170 building units and their adaptation to the bioclimatic conditions were selected by the Cochran sampling technique.Results: The results of this study indicate that since the temperature range of the months between Mehr and Ordibehesht (approximately, Oct-May) is in the drought index group (A3), and therefore, this environment has cold climate conditions, the optimum architectural orientation is the southeast—southwest direction. Moreover, the permanent thermal oscillation between day and night in all months of the year, being more than 10◦c with a relative humidity of group (A1) drought index, suggests an average area of 10–20 percent of the wall’s surface for the preferable opening size. However, during the month of Tir (July), due to the hot days and moderate nights and the thermal oscillation above 10◦c, it is advised to consider an open sleeping space in the exterior.Conclusion: The analysis of new residential architecture in Abadeh revealed a dominant northern-southern orientation, low value of wall thickness, inconsistent window size with the wall’s surface area, and diminished presence of architectural elements (such as the courtyard, porch, balcony, pond, and garden) in these buildings. These factors may lead to a maladaptive architecture to the regional climates, thus the loss of human comfort in most times of the year for the building inhabitants.
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