Antileishmanial and Antiplasmodial Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of <em>Antrocaryon klaineanum</em> Pierre (Anacardiaceae)
Gabrielle Ange Amang à Ngnoung,
Lazare S. Sidjui,
Peron B. Leutcha,
Yves O. Nganso Ditchou,
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha,
Gaëtan Herbette,
Beatrice Baghdikian,
Theodora K. Kowa,
Desire Soh,
Raoul Kemzeu,
Madan Poka,
Patrick H. Demana,
Xavier Siwe Noundou,
Alembert T. Tchinda,
Fabrice Fekam Boyom,
Alain M. Lannang,
Barthélemy Nyassé
Affiliations
Gabrielle Ange Amang à Ngnoung
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon
Lazare S. Sidjui
Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon
Peron B. Leutcha
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon
Yves O. Nganso Ditchou
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Drugs Discovery, IMPM, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon
Gaëtan Herbette
Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Campus de St Jérôme-Service 511, 13397 Marseille, France
Beatrice Baghdikian
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS 7263, IRD 237, Avignon Université, IMBE, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, Service of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 13385 Marseille, France
Theodora K. Kowa
Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon
Desire Soh
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Raoul Kemzeu
Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Madan Poka
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
Patrick H. Demana
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
Xavier Siwe Noundou
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
Alembert T. Tchinda
Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Alain M. Lannang
Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 55, Cameroon
Barthélemy Nyassé
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
Antrocaryon klaineanum is traditionally used for the treatment of back pain, malaria, female sterility, chlamydiae infections, liver diseases, wounds, and hemorrhoid. This work aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds with antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities from A. klaineanum. An unreported glucocerebroside antroklaicerebroside (1) together with five known compounds (2–6) were isolated from the root barks of Antrocaryon klaineanum using chromatographic techniques. The NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopic data in association with previous literature were used for the characterization of all the isolated compounds. Compounds 1–4 are reported for the first time from A. klaineanum. The methanol crude extract (AK-MeOH), the n-hexane fraction (AK-Hex), the dichloromethane fraction (AK-DCM), the ethyl acetate fraction (AK-EtOAc), and compounds 1–6 were all evaluated for their antiparasitic effects against Plasmodium falciparum strains susceptible to chloroquine (3D7), resistant to chloroquine (Dd2), and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S). The AK-Hex, AK-EtOAc, AK-MeOH, and compound 2 were strongly active against Dd2 strain with IC50 ranging from 2.78 ± 0.06 to 9.30 ± 0.29 µg/mL. Particularly, AK-MeOH was the most active—more than the reference drugs used—with an IC50 of 2.78 ± 0.06 µg/mL. The AK-EtOAc as well as all the tested compounds showed strong antileishmanial activities with IC50 ranging from 4.80 ± 0.13 to 9.14 ± 0.96 µg/mL.
