超临界流体技术在鱼油加工中的应用研究进展Research progress on the application of supercritical fluid technology in fish oil processing

Abstract

旨在为鱼油产业的绿色可持续发展提供参考，系统介绍了超临界流体（SCF）技术在鱼油提取、鱼油中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）富集、鱼油结构改性及微胶囊化中的应用，并对SCF技术在鱼油加工中的发展方向进行展望。鱼油的SCF提取在较低温度和惰性环境中完成，能够有效防止脂质氧化，最大限度保持其天然生物活性。SCF技术可以去除鱼油中的异味、短链脂肪酸等，进一步富集EPA、DHA等ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸，大大提高产品的附加值，SCF还可作为鱼油酶促结构改性的溶剂介质，显著提高产品中EPA和DHA的含量。利用SCF技术生产鱼油微胶囊能够减少有机溶剂的使用，产品质量较好。综上，开发基于SCF技术的集鱼油提取、富集、微胶囊化为一体的连续化工艺，将成为未来研究方向之一。Aiming to provide a reference for the green and sustainable development of the fish oil industry, the application of supercritical fluid (SCF) technology in extraction, enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), structural modification and microencapsulation of fish oil were systematically introduced. The evolving landscape of SCF technology in fish oil processing was prospected. The SCF extraction of fish oil is completed at a lower temperature and inert environment, which can effectively prevent lipid oxidation and maximize its natural bioactivities. The fishy smell and short-chain fatty acid in fish oil can be removed by SCF technology, while EPA, DHA, and other ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be further enriched, so the additional value of the product is greatly increased. SCF can also serve as a solvent medium for enzymatic structural modification of fish oil to significantly improve the content of EPA and DHA in the product. The production of fish oil microcapsules produced by SCF technology can reduce the use of organic solvents and the quality of product is better. In conclusion, the development of continuous process based on fish oil extraction, enrichment and microencapsulation with SCF technology will become one of the future research directions.

Keywords

• 超临界流体；鱼油；提取；多不饱和脂肪酸；微胶囊化
• supercritical fluid; fish oil; extraction; polyunsaturated fatty acid; microencapsulation