Removal of Ionic Liquids from Oil Sands Processing Solution by Ion-Exchange Resin

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported to be good process aids for enhanced bitumen recovery from oil sands. However, after the extraction, some ionic liquids are left in the residual solids or solutions. Herein, a washing–ion exchange combined method has been designed for the removal of two imidazolium-based ILs, ([Bmim][BF4] and [Emim][BF4]), from residual sands after ILs-enhanced solvent extraction of oil sands. This process was conducted as two steps: water washing of the residual solids to remove ILs into aqueous solution; adsorption and desorption of ILs from the solution by the sulfonic acid cation-exchange resin (Amberlite IR 120Na). Surface characterization showed that the hydrophilic ionic liquids could be completely removed from the solid surfaces by 3 times of water washing. The ionic liquids solution was treated by the ion-exchange resin. Results showed that more than 95% of [Bmim][BF4] and 90% of [Emim][BF4] could be adsorbed by the resins at 20 °C with contact time of 30 min. The effects of some typical coexisted chemicals and minerals, such as salinity, kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), and silica (SiO2), in the solution on the adsorption of ionic liquids have also been investigated. Results showed that both kaolinite and SiO2 exerted a slight effect on the uptake of [Bmim][BF4]. However, it was observed that increasing the ionic strength of the solution by adding salts would deteriorate the adsorption of [Bmim]+ on the resin. The adsorption behaviors of two ILs fit well with the Sips model, suggesting the heterogeneous adsorption of ionic liquids onto resin. The adsorption of ionic liquids onto Amberlite IR 120Na resin was found to be pseudo-second-order adsorption. The regeneration tests showed stable performance of ion-exchange resins over three adsorption–desorption cycles.

Keywords

• ionic liquids
• ion-exchange resin
• adsorption
• removal
• residual sand
• washing