The Development of Microscopy for Super-Resolution: Confocal Microscopy, and Image Scanning Microscopy

Abstract

Optical methods of super-resolution microscopy, such as confocal microscopy, structured illumination, nonlinear microscopy, and image scanning microscopy are reviewed. These methods avoid strong invasive interaction with a sample, allowing the observation of delicate biological samples. The meaning of resolution and the basic principles and different approaches to superresolution are discussed.

Keywords

• super-resolution
• confocal microscopy
• image scanning microscopy
• nonlinear microscopy
• deconvolution