Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19

• Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan,
• Hassan Ghobadi,
• Ziyad Ben Taleb,
• Kenneth D. Ward,
• Davoud Adham,
• Somaieh Matin,
• Mehdi Fazlzadeh,
• Sajjad Narimani

Affiliations

Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan

Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States

Hassan Ghobadi

Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Ziyad Ben Taleb

Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, United States

Kenneth D. Ward

Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, United States

Davoud Adham

Public Health Department, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Somaieh Matin

Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Mehdi Fazlzadeh

Environmental Health Department, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Sajjad Narimani

Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran