Concurrent Assessment of Phthalates/HEXAMOLL<sup>®</sup> DINCH Exposure and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Performance in Three European Cohorts of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies
Valentina Rosolen,
Elisa Giordani,
Marika Mariuz,
Maria Parpinel,
Luca Ronfani,
Liza Vecchi Brumatti,
Maura Bin,
Gemma Calamandrei,
Vicente Mustieles,
Liese Gilles,
Eva Govarts,
Kirsten Baken,
Laura Rodriguez Martin,
Greet Schoeters,
Ovnair Sepai,
Eva Sovcikova,
Lucia Fabelova,
Miroslava Šidlovská,
Branislav Kolena,
Tina Kold Jensen,
Hanne Frederiksen,
Marike Kolossa-Gehring,
Rosa Lange,
Petra Apel,
Argelia Castano,
Marta Esteban López,
Griet Jacobs,
Stefan Voorspoels,
Helena Jurdáková,
Renáta Górová,
Fabio Barbone
Affiliations
Valentina Rosolen
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
Elisa Giordani
Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
Marika Mariuz
Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
Maria Parpinel
Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
Luca Ronfani
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
Liza Vecchi Brumatti
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
Maura Bin
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
Gemma Calamandrei
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Vicente Mustieles
Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
Liese Gilles
VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Eva Govarts
VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Kirsten Baken
VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Laura Rodriguez Martin
VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Greet Schoeters
VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Ovnair Sepai
UK Health Security Agency, London SE1 8UG, UK
Eva Sovcikova
Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
Lucia Fabelova
Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
Miroslava Šidlovská
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia
Branislav Kolena
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia
Tina Kold Jensen
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
Hanne Frederiksen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Marike Kolossa-Gehring
German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Rosa Lange
German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Petra Apel
German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Argelia Castano
National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Marta Esteban López
National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Griet Jacobs
Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
Stefan Voorspoels
Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
Helena Jurdáková
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
Renáta Górová
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
Fabio Barbone
Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
Information about the effects of phthalates and non-phthalate substitute cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (HEXAMOLL® DINCH) on children’s neurodevelopment is limited. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the association between phthalate/HEXAMOLL® DINCH exposure and child neurodevelopment in three European cohorts involved in HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Participating subjects were school-aged children belonging to the Northern Adriatic cohort II (NAC-II), Italy, Odense Child Cohort (OCC), Denmark, and PCB cohort, Slovakia. In each cohort, children’s neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score (FSIQ) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children test using three different editions. The children’s urine samples, collected for one point in time concurrently with the neurodevelopmental evaluation, were analyzed for several phthalates/HEXAMOLL® DINCH biomarkers. The relation between phthalates/HEXAMOLL® DINCH and FSIQ was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions in each cohort. The means and standard deviations of FSIQ were 109 ± 11 (NAC-II), 98 ± 12 (OCC), and 81 ± 15 (PCB cohort). In NAC-II, direct associations between FSIQ and DEHP’s biomarkers were found: 5OH-MEHP+5oxo-MEHP (β = 2.56; 95% CI 0.58–4.55; N = 270), 5OH-MEHP+5cx-MEPP (β = 2.48; 95% CI 0.47–4.49; N = 270) and 5OH-MEHP (β = 2.58; 95% CI 0.65–4.51; N = 270). On the contrary, in the OCC the relation between DEHP’s biomarkers and FSIQ tended to be inverse but imprecise (p-value ≥ 0.10). No associations were found in the PCB cohort. FSIQ was not associated with HEXAMOLL® DINCH in any cohort. In conclusion, these results do not provide evidence of an association between concurrent phthalate/DINCHHEXAMOLLR DINCH exposure and IQ in children.
