Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>
Olivia Rodríguez-Morales,
Juan José Cabrera-Mata,
Silvia del C. Carrillo-Sánchez,
Rodolfo A. Gutiérrez-Ocejo,
Lidia Baylón-Pacheco,
Olga L. Pérez-Reyes,
José Luis Rosales-Encina,
Alberto Aranda-Fraustro,
Sergio Hernández-García,
Minerva Arce-Fonseca
Affiliations
Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Juan José Cabrera-Mata
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Silvia del C. Carrillo-Sánchez
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Rodolfo A. Gutiérrez-Ocejo
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Lidia Baylón-Pacheco
Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Olga L. Pérez-Reyes
Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
José Luis Rosales-Encina
Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Alberto Aranda-Fraustro
Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Sergio Hernández-García
Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Minerva Arce-Fonseca
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. The mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is required against Trypanosoma cruzi. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been shown to have germicidal efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EOW effectiveness in T. cruzi-infected BALB/c mice clinically, immunologically, and histologically. The severity of the infection was assessed by parasitaemia, general health condition, mortality, mega syndromes, and histological lesions. IgG, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta levels were quantified. The EOW administration showed a beneficial effect on parasitaemia, general physical condition, and mortality. High levels of IgG1 at 50 days postinfection were observed. Prophylactic EOW treatment was able to induce a predominantly TH1 immune response based on an IgG2a levels increase at the late acute phase, and a 10-fold increase of IFN-gamma in whole acute phase. EOW was able to control the acute phase infection as effectively as benznidazole. Splenomegaly was caused by EOW treatment and lymphadenopathy was stimulated by T. cruzi infection in all groups. Severe tissue damage was not prevented by EOW treatments. Moderate efficacy may be due to immunomodulatory properties and not to a direct toxic effect on the parasite.
