Mineral Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Anti-Urease and Anti-α-Amylase Activities of the Unripe Fruit Extracts of <i>Pistacia atlantica</i>
Mokhtar Benmohamed,
Hamid Guenane,
Mohammed Messaoudi,
Wafa Zahnit,
Chukwuebuka Egbuna,
Majid Sharifi-Rad,
Amina Chouh,
Bachir Ben Seghir,
Abdelkrim Rebiai,
Sihem Boubekeur,
Tarek Azli,
Mohamed Harrat,
Barbara Sawicka,
Maria Atanassova,
Mohamed Yousfi
Affiliations
Mokhtar Benmohamed
Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Télidji of Laghouat, Road of Ghardaïa, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
Hamid Guenane
Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Télidji of Laghouat, Road of Ghardaïa, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
Mohammed Messaoudi
Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, Ain Oussera, Djelfa 17200, Algeria
Wafa Zahnit
Laboratoire de Valorisation et Promotion des Ressources Sahariennes (VPRS), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Mathématiques et des Sciences de la Matière, Université de Ouargla, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
Chukwuebuka Egbuna
Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Unit, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), Department of Biochemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State 500001, Nigeria
Majid Sharifi-Rad
Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
Amina Chouh
Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
Bachir Ben Seghir
Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, B.P.789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
Abdelkrim Rebiai
Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, B.P.789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
Sihem Boubekeur
Research and Development Centre RDC-SAIDAL, 35 Benyoucef Khattab Avenue, Mohammadi, El-Harrah, Algiers 16000, Algeria
Tarek Azli
Nuclear Research Centre of Draria, Algries 16050, Algeria
Mohamed Harrat
Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Télidji of Laghouat, Road of Ghardaïa, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
Barbara Sawicka
Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Maria Atanassova
Nutritional Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metalurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria
Mohamed Yousfi
Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Télidji of Laghouat, Road of Ghardaïa, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS+, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards α-amylase and urease), antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica collected from different parts of the Djelfa region of Algeria. According to the findings, various aqueous extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities in all tests, but showed that they have a weak inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains. Twenty-one minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U, and Zn) were determined using the technique of neutron activation analysis (INAA). The result indicates that the concentration of the mineral element is close to the minimal FAO recommendation. In addition, the result revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities. The data generated can be a valuable source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research. These results suggest that the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica have an appropriate potential to be utilized across a wide range of contexts as an agent with multifunctional uses, as well as a natural remedy for other physiological diseases.
