Coils in Umbilical Cord and their Perinatal Significance in North Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Umbilical Coiling Index (UCI) is defined as number of coils present per centimeter of cord. Abnormal coiling index (hypocoiled/hypercoiled) has been studied previously and found to be associated with adverse perinatal outcome. There is limited literature available on Indian population Aim: To analyze association between UCI and maternal and fetal risk factors and to evaluate how hypocoiling, normocoiling and hypercoiling are linked to materno-fetal outcome in a North Indian population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 antenatal women who were enrolled in their active phase of labour and UCI calculated after delivery. UCI was determined by formula- number of coils/length of cord in centimeters (cm). Normocoiling, hypocoiling and hypercoiling were determined and its association with various maternal risk factors and perinatal outcome was noted. Results: On an average 0.2±0.09 coils were found per cm of coil. Hypocoiling was found to be significantly associated with anaemia, abruption, prematurity, Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM), meconium stained liquor, instrumental delivery and APGAR at 5 minutes <7. Hypercoiling was found to be associated with diabetes and post datism. Conclusion: Post delivery umbilical coiling index serves as a significant indicator of perinatal outcome and therefore antenatal determination of UCI can help identify high risk pregnancies.

Keywords

• high risk pregnancy
• maternal-fetal outcome
• postnatal women
• umbilical coiling index