Frontiers in Public Health (Aug 2023)
Diet quality and nutrient density in pregnant women according to adherence to Mediterranean diet
- Sara Castro-Barquero,
- Sara Castro-Barquero,
- Sara Castro-Barquero,
- Sara Castro-Barquero,
- Marta Larroya,
- Fátima Crispi,
- Fátima Crispi,
- Fátima Crispi,
- Ramon Estruch,
- Ramon Estruch,
- Ramon Estruch,
- Ayako Nakaki,
- Ayako Nakaki,
- Cristina Paules,
- Cristina Paules,
- Ana María Ruiz-León,
- Ana María Ruiz-León,
- Ana María Ruiz-León,
- Ana María Ruiz-León,
- Emilio Sacanella,
- Emilio Sacanella,
- Tania Freitas,
- Lina Youssef,
- Lina Youssef,
- Lina Youssef,
- Leticia Benitez,
- Leticia Benitez,
- Irene Casas,
- Irene Casas,
- Mariona Genero,
- Mariona Genero,
- Silvia Gomez,
- Francesc Casanovas-Garriga,
- Francesc Casanovas-Garriga,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Rosa Casas,
- Rosa Casas,
- Rosa Casas,
- Francesca Crovetto,
- Francesca Crovetto,
- Francesca Crovetto
Affiliations
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Marta Larroya
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fátima Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fátima Crispi
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Fátima Crispi
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ramon Estruch
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ayako Nakaki
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ayako Nakaki
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Cristina Paules
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cristina Paules
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISAragon), Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Zaragoza, Spain
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Emilio Sacanella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Tania Freitas
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Lina Youssef
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Lina Youssef
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Lina Youssef
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic/University of Barcelona Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Leticia Benitez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Leticia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Irene Casas
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Irene Casas
- 0Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Mariona Genero
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Mariona Genero
- 0Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Silvia Gomez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Francesc Casanovas-Garriga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Francesc Casanovas-Garriga
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- 0Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Rosa Casas
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Francesca Crovetto
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal–Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Francesca Crovetto
- 0Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Francesca Crovetto
- 1Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin RD21/0012/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144942
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11
Abstract
Background and aimsThe dietary pattern followed during pregnancy, specifically healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, is a key factor in the mother’s and the offspring’s health. Pregnant women dietary intake is not enough to cover the micronutrient requirements of pregnancy, and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet may improve dietary quality and nutritional density. The aim of the present study was to describe the dietary nutrient intake and diet quality during pregnancy and to evaluate whether a high adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with a more adequate intake of micronutrients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study with 1,356 pregnant women selected during the routine second trimester ultrasound scan (19–23 weeks’ gestation). Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using a validated 151-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and nutrient density was estimated dividing the absolute nutrient intake by total energy intake. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with a 17-item Mediterranean diet adherence score. The criterion used for risk of inadequate nutrient intake has been set below two thirds (2/3) of the dietary reference intakes. The differences were assessed by multivariate linear regression models adjusted for confounders.ResultsA significant proportion of pregnant women had an inadequate intake of macro and micronutrient that was lower in those with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (≥12 points, n = 122, 19%), including calcium (the Mediterranean diet high adherence 2.5% vs. low adherence 26.7%, p < 0.001), magnesium (0% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.001), iron (24.5% vs. 74.1%, p < 0.001), and vitamin B9 (0% vs. 29.8%, p < 0.001), vitamin C (0% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.033), and vitamin D (61.5% vs. 92.8%, p < 0.001) intake. High adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with higher intake of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber, vitamins (B1, B9, C, D), calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphor, potassium, essential fatty acids, and α-linolenic acid, and with a lower intake of α-linoleic acid and trans fatty acids as compared to low adherence to Mediterranean diet.ConclusionHigh adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with higher diet quality and lower proportion of inadequate micro and macronutrient intake. The Mediterranean diet promotion, particularly among pregnant women, may be a useful and public health strategy to avoid overweight and nutrient deficiencies.
Keywords