Palatopharyngeal Arch Staging System (PASS): Consensus about Oropharyngeal Evaluation

Abstract

Intraoral examinations are essential in the evaluation of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The morphology of the anatomic structures of the soft palate, the tonsillar fossae, and the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles is an important determinant of the size and collapsibility of the velum and oropharynx. The Palatopharyngeal Arch Staging System (PASS) is a systematic way to explore the oropharynx and report anatomic variations in the visible part of the palatopharyngeal muscle. In this prospective study, 30 sleep surgeons evaluated the reliability of the PASS using a selection of 23 videos of oropharyngeal examinations of healthy patients. The corresponding score on the PASS scale was graded for each examination. For internal structure and internal agreement, the Cronbach and Krippendorff alpha values were 0.96 and 0.46, which corresponded to a nearly perfect interrelationship and a moderate agreement, respectively. These findings suggest that the PASS is a valuable tool for evaluating the position of the palatopharyngeus muscle during oropharyngeal examinations and may be useful for creating a common language for sleep surgeons when evaluating the palatopharyngeal muscle.

Keywords

• interexaminer agreement
• obstructive sleep apnea
• palatopharyngeal arch
• staging system