The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2023)
First VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of HIP 65426 b: Evidence for a Low or Moderate Orbital Eccentricity
- Sarah Blunt,
- W. O. Balmer,
- J. J. Wang,
- S. Lacour,
- S. Petrus,
- G. Bourdarot,
- J. Kammerer,
- N. Pourré,
- E. Rickman,
- J. Shangguan,
- T. Winterhalder,
- R. Abuter,
- A. Amorim,
- R. Asensio-Torres,
- M. Benisty,
- J.-P. Berger,
- H. Beust,
- A. Boccaletti,
- A. Bohn,
- M. Bonnefoy,
- H. Bonnet,
- W. Brandner,
- F. Cantalloube,
- P. Caselli,
- B. Charnay,
- G. Chauvin,
- A. Chavez,
- E. Choquet,
- V. Christiaens,
- Y. Clénet,
- V. Coudé du Foresto,
- A. Cridland,
- R. Dembet,
- A. Drescher,
- G. Duvert,
- A. Eckart,
- F. Eisenhauer,
- H. Feuchtgruber,
- P. Garcia,
- R. Garcia Lopez,
- E. Gendron,
- R. Genzel,
- S. Gillessen,
- J. H. Girard,
- X. Haubois,
- G. Heißel,
- Th. Henning,
- S. Hinkley,
- S. Hippler,
- M. Horrobin,
- M. Houllé,
- Z. Hubert,
- L. Jocou,
- M. Keppler,
- P. Kervella,
- L. Kreidberg,
- A.-M. Lagrange,
- V. Lapeyrère,
- J.-B. Le Bouquin,
- P. Léna,
- D. Lutz,
- A.-L. Maire,
- F. Mang,
- G.-D. Marleau,
- A. Mérand,
- P. Mollière,
- J. D. Monnier,
- C. Mordasini,
- D. Mouillet,
- E. Nasedkin,
- M. Nowak,
- T. Ott,
- G. P. P. L. Otten,
- C. Paladini,
- T. Paumard,
- K. Perraut,
- G. Perrin,
- O. Pfuhl,
- L. Pueyo,
- J. Rameau,
- L. Rodet,
- Z. Rustamkulov,
- T. Shimizu,
- D. Sing,
- T. Stolker,
- C. Straubmeier,
- E. Sturm,
- L. J. Tacconi,
- E. F. van Dishoeck,
- A. Vigan,
- F. Vincent,
- K. Ward-Duong,
- F. Widmann,
- E. Wieprecht,
- E. Wiezorrek,
- J. Woillez,
- S. Yazici,
- A. Young,
- The exoGRAVITY collaboration
Affiliations
- Sarah Blunt
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- W. O. Balmer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- J. J. Wang
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- S. Lacour
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- S. Petrus
- Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Milenio Formacíon Planetaria—NPF, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
- G. Bourdarot
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- J. Kammerer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- N. Pourré
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- E. Rickman
- ORCiD
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Office, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- J. Shangguan
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- T. Winterhalder
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- R. Abuter
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- A. Amorim
- ORCiD
- Universidade de Lisboa—Faculdade de Ciências , Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; CENTRA—Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- R. Asensio-Torres
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- M. Benisty
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- J.-P. Berger
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- H. Beust
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- A. Boccaletti
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- A. Bohn
- ORCiD
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- M. Bonnefoy
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- H. Bonnet
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- W. Brandner
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- F. Cantalloube
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- P. Caselli
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- B. Charnay
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- G. Chauvin
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- A. Chavez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- E. Choquet
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- V. Christiaens
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
- Y. Clénet
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- V. Coudé du Foresto
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- A. Cridland
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- R. Dembet
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- A. Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- G. Duvert
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- A. Eckart
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- F. Eisenhauer
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- H. Feuchtgruber
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- P. Garcia
- CENTRA—Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade do Porto , Faculdade de Engenharia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- R. Garcia Lopez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- E. Gendron
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- R. Genzel
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- S. Gillessen
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- J. H. Girard
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- X. Haubois
- European Southern Observatory , Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
- G. Heißel
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency , TEC-SF, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Th. Henning
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- S. Hinkley
- ORCiD
- University of Exeter , Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
- S. Hippler
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- M. Horrobin
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
- M. Houllé
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
- Z. Hubert
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- L. Jocou
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- M. Keppler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- P. Kervella
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL , Place Jules Janssen, 92195F-92195 Meudon, France
- L. Kreidberg
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- A.-M. Lagrange
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- V. Lapeyrère
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- J.-B. Le Bouquin
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- P. Léna
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- D. Lutz
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- A.-L. Maire
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- F. Mang
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- G.-D. Marleau
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Lotharstrae 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany; Institüt für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern , Gesellschaftsstr. 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- A. Mérand
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- P. Mollière
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. D. Monnier
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- C. Mordasini
- ORCiD
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern , Gesellschaftsstr. 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- D. Mouillet
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- E. Nasedkin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- M. Nowak
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
- T. Ott
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- G. P. P. L. Otten
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 11F Astronomy-Mathematics Building, NTU/AS campus, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- C. Paladini
- European Southern Observatory , Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
- T. Paumard
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- K. Perraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- G. Perrin
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- O. Pfuhl
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- L. Pueyo
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- J. Rameau
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- L. Rodet
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Z. Rustamkulov
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, USA
- T. Shimizu
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- D. Sing
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, USA
- T. Stolker
- ORCiD
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- C. Straubmeier
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
- E. Sturm
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- L. J. Tacconi
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- E. F. van Dishoeck
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- A. Vigan
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- F. Vincent
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- K. Ward-Duong
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Smith College , Northampton, MA 01063, USA
- F. Widmann
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- E. Wieprecht
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- E. Wiezorrek
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- J. Woillez
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- S. Yazici
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- A. Young
- Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- The exoGRAVITY collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad06b7
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 166,
no. 6
p. 257
Abstract
Giant exoplanets have been directly imaged over orders of magnitude of orbital separations, prompting theoretical and observational investigations of their formation pathways. In this paper, we present new VLTI/GRAVITY astrometric data of HIP 65426 b, a cold, giant exoplanet which is a particular challenge for most formation theories at a projected separation of 92 au from its primary. Leveraging GRAVITY’s astrometric precision, we present an updated eccentricity posterior that disfavors large eccentricities. The eccentricity posterior is still prior dependent, and we extensively interpret and discuss the limits of the posterior constraints presented here. We also perform updated spectral comparisons with self-consistent forward-modeled spectra, finding a best-fit ExoREM model with solar metallicity and C/O = 0.6. An important caveat is that it is difficult to estimate robust errors on these values, which are subject to interpolation errors as well as potentially missing model physics. Taken together, the orbital and atmospheric constraints paint a preliminary picture of formation inconsistent with scattering after disk dispersal. Further work is needed to validate this interpretation. Analysis code used to perform this work is available on GitHub: https://github.com/sblunt/hip65426 .
Keywords
