Biosynthesis Effect of Egg White on Formation and Characteristics of NiO/NiCo₂O₄ Nanocomposites

Abstract

For the successful production of NiO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites, the environmentally friendly method of egg white supplementation has been used. Several analytical techniques were employed to characterize the morphology, purity, and crystal structure of the as-prepared nanocomposites. These techniques included transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physical adsorption and magnetic properties of the investigated composite were determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The results have shown that the as-prepared composite particles had diameters of about 10–25 nm, with uniform distribution. The XRD analysis showed that the as-synthesized composites consisted entirely of cubic structures of both NiO and spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles, with a space group of Fd3m. The FTIR analysis showed characteristic vibration modes related to metal oxides, confirming the formation of composites containing NiO and NiCo2O4 crystallites. The investigated composites’ saturation magnetization (MS) and coercivity (HC) were easily controllable because of the ingredients’ ferromagnetic (NiCo2O4) and antiferromagnetic (NiO) characteristics. The excellent combination of the NiO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites’ properties is anticipated to make this system suitable for a wide range of applications.

Keywords

• NiO/NiCo₂O₄ nanocomposites
• spinel structural
• vibration modes
• superior performance
• energy storage and supercapacitor