Enzymatic Crosslinked Hydrogels of Gelatin and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Loaded with Probiotic Bacteria as Oral Delivery System
Aldo F. Corona-Escalera,
Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz,
Rudy A. García-Reyes,
Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
Ali Seyfoddin,
José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa,
Marisela González-Ávila,
Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
Affiliations
Aldo F. Corona-Escalera
Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz
Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
Rudy A. García-Reyes
Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV, Unidad Querétaro), Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
Ali Seyfoddin
Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa
Tecnología Alimentaria, Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 45019, Mexico
Marisela González-Ávila
Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
Probiotic bacteria are widely used to prepare pharmaceutical products and functional foods because they promote and sustain health. Nonetheless, probiotic viability is prone to decrease under gastrointestinal conditions. In this investigation, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum spp. CM-CNRG TB98 was entrapped in a gelatin–poly (vinyl alcohol) (Gel–PVA) hydrogel which was prepared by a “green” route using microbial transglutaminase (mTGase), which acts as a crosslinking agent. The hydrogel was fully characterized and its ability to entrap and protect L. plantarum from the lyophilization process and under simulated gastric and intestine conditions was explored. The Gel–PVA hydrogel showed a high probiotic loading efficiency (>90%) and survivability from the lyophilization process (91%) of the total bacteria entrapped. Under gastric conditions, no disintegration of the hydrogel was observed, keeping L. plantarum protected with a survival rate of >94%. While in the intestinal fluid the hydrogel is completely dissolved, helping to release probiotics. A Gel–PVA hydrogel is suitable for a probiotic oral administration system due to its physicochemical properties, lack of cytotoxicity, and the protection it offers L. plantarum under gastric conditions.