Use of Lemon, Orange, Grapefruit and Pomegranate Fruit Peels Against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949

Abstract

The mortality effect of single and combined applications of lemon, orange, grapefruit and pomegranate fruit peels aqueous extracts against Meloidogyne incognita second juvenile larvae (J2) and the nematostatic effect on suppression of hatching were investigated in this study. After 24h, the effect of aqueous extracts of only pomegranate and only grapefruit peels on J2 was found to be over 50%, while only orange fruit peel application (41.5%) was determined higher than only lemon application (18.7%). While the mortality effect of lemon peel aqueous extract on J2 was low after 24 h, 77.5% mortality was detected after 48 h. It was determined that all J2s were killed after 48 h in the combined applications of lemon+pomegranate, lemon+grapefruit, orange+pomegranate, orange+grapefruit and pomegranate+grapefruit peel aqueus extract, and their mortality effects were found to be similar to the nematicide Velum (Fluopyram). In single applications, the highest suppression on hatching was determined only in grapefruit (54.2%) peel aqueous extract. Egg hatch suppression was found to be over 57% in all combined applications. There was no statistically significant difference between the hatching suppression percentage of pomegranate+grapefruit (90.7%) peel aqueous extract application and Velum (98.5%) application (P≥0.05). These results support that lemon, orange, grapefruit and pomegranate peel aqueous extract applications are good alternatives to nematicides.