Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Species and Non Fermenter Bacteria

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance to the pathogenic microorganism has been characterized as a public health emergency both in the community and in hospitals. That is why; we need to find alternatives, which could be used as antibacterial agents. Therefore aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of 4 plant extracts Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Garlic (Allium sativum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum).Antibacterial properties of plant extracts at different concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 mg/mL) were tested against Multi Drug Resistance biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus using the agar well diffusion method.Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and antibiofilm properties of the plant extracts were determined using the tube dilution method and modified crystal violet assay, respectively. Total of 180 clinical isolates were screened for their MDR Pattern. Out of these, 72 were MDR isolates. These MDR isolates were categorized into weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers. Fourteen, Forty nine and nine were weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers, respectively. Out of the 4 plant extracts, Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis were found to be more effective with maximum zone of inhibition (20 – 25 mm), MBC 6.25 mg/ml and biofilm reduction of more than 50% compared to Allium sativum and Coriandrum sativum. All medicinal plant extracts were effective at different concentrations against the biofilm producing MDR isolates but Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis showed maximum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.

Keywords

• antibacterial
• antibiofilm activity
• multi drug resistant bacteria
• plant extracts