Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status in Hypertensive Smokers: A Case-control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension and smoking are two independent risk factors for oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia, thereby development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are common. The effect of smoking on oxidants, antioxidants and lipid profile in hypertensive individuals is the matter of concern. Aim: To compare fasting serum lipid profile, Glutathione (GSH) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) of hypertensive smokers and hypertensive non smokers. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, between September 2021 to December 2021. The study population consisted of 58 hypertensive smokers and 58 hypertensive non smokers visiting the Department of Internal Medicine, tertiary care hospital. Height, weight, smoking intensity, family history of hypertension was recorded, fasting serum lipid profile, GSH and TBARS were estimated. Smoking intensity was expressed as pack-years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the measured height and weight. The data were analysed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The mean age of cases were 40.38±14.96 years whereas among controls, it was 45.98±14.96 years. Among cases, 50 were males and eight were females, whereas among the controls, 47 were males and 11 were females. Out of total 58 subjects in each group, 43 in cases and 45 in controls had a family history of hypertension. A significant increase in the levels of serum TC, TAG, LDL-C, TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, BMI in cases compared to the control (p<0.001) was observed. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG), Low Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (LDL-C) and TBARS exhibited a significant positive correlation whereas, BMI, HDL-C and GSH showed a negative correlation with pack-years. Conclusion: Smoking was found to be significantly associated with dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in hypertensive individuals. It was observed that the dyslipidaemia and oxidative damage was correlated with the pack-years in hypertensive smokers.

Keywords

• cholesterol
• cigarette
• glutathione
• hypertension
• malondialdehyde
• triacylglycerol