Observational constraints on the non-flat $$\Lambda CDM$$ ΛCDM model and a null test using the transition redshift

Abstract

Abstract A natural extension of the standard cosmological model are models that include curvature as a free parameter. In this work we study in detail the observational constraints on the non-flat $$\Lambda CDM$$ ΛCDM model using the two main geometric tests: SNIa and Hubble parameter measurements. In general we show that the observational constraints on the parameters of the $$\Lambda CDM$$ ΛCDM model strongly depend on the curvature parameter. In particular, we study the constraints on the transition redshift ($$z_{t}$$ zt ) of a universe dominated by matter for a universe dominated by the cosmological constant. Using this observable we construct a new null test defining $$\zeta = z_{t, flat}-z_{t, non flat}$$ ζ=zt,flat-zt,nonflat . This test depends only on the data of the Hubble parameter, the Hubble constant and the matter density parameter. However, it does not depend on derivative of an observable as generally many tests in the literature. To reconstruct this test, we use the Gaussian process method. When we use the best-fit parameters values of PLANCK/2018, we find no evidence of a disagreement between the data and the standard model (flat $$\Lambda CDM$$ ΛCDM ), but if we use the value $$H_{0}$$ H0 from RIESS/2018 we found a disagreement with respect at the standard model. However, it is important to note that the Hubble parameter data has large errors for a solid statistical analysis.