Cancer Medicine (Feb 2024)

An international multicenter study comparing COVID‐19 omicron outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies treated with obinutuzumab versus rituximab

  • Tali Shafat,
  • Daniel Grupel,
  • Tzvika Porges,
  • Ran Abuhasira,
  • Ana Belkin,
  • Ofir Deri,
  • Yonatan Oster,
  • Shadi Zahran,
  • Ehud Horwitz,
  • Netanel A. Horowitz,
  • Hazim Khatib,
  • Marjorie Vieira Batista,
  • Anita Cassoli Cortez,
  • Tal Brosh‐Nissimov,
  • Yafit Segman,
  • Linor Ishay,
  • Regev Cohen,
  • Alaa Atamna,
  • Amy Spallone,
  • Roy F. Chemaly,
  • Juan Carlos Ramos‐Ramos,
  • Michal Chowers,
  • Evgeny Rogozin,
  • Noga Carmi Oren,
  • Şiran Keske,
  • Orit Wolfovitz Barchad,
  • Lior Nesher,
  • the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV)

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.6997
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 3
pp. n/a – n/a

Abstract

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Abstract Objectives Hematological malignancy (HM) patients treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies are at higher risk for severe COVID‐19. A previous single‐center study showed worse outcomes in patients treated with obinutuzumab compared to rituximab. We examined this hypothesis in a large international multicenter cohort. Methods We included HM patients from 15 centers, from five countries treated with anti‐CD20, comparing those treated with obinutuzumab (O‐G) to rituximab (R‐G) between December 2021 and June 2022, when Omicron lineage was dominant. Results We collected data on 1048 patients. Within the R‐G (n = 762, 73%), 191 (25%) contracted COVID‐19 compared to 103 (36%) in the O‐G. COVID‐19 patients in the O‐G were younger (61 ± 11.7 vs. 64 ± 14.5, p = 0.039), had more indolent HM diagnosis (aggressive lymphoma: 3.9% vs. 67.0%, p < 0.001), and most were on maintenance therapy at COVID‐19 diagnosis (63.0% vs. 16.8%, p < 0.001). Severe‐critical COVID‐19 occurred in 31.1% of patients in the O‐G and 22.5% in the R‐G. In multivariable analysis, O‐G had a 2.08‐fold increased risk for severe‐critical COVID‐19 compared to R‐G (95% CI 1.13–3.84), adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index, sex, and tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T‐C) prophylaxis. Further analysis comparing O‐G to R‐G demonstrated increased hospitalizations (51.5% vs. 35.6% p = 0.008), ICU admissions (12.6% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.042), but the nonsignificant difference in COVID‐19‐related mortality (n = 10, 9.7% vs. n = 12, 6.3%, p = 0.293). Conclusions Despite younger age and a more indolent HM diagnosis, patients receiving obinutuzumab had more severe COVID‐19 outcomes than those receiving rituximab. Our findings underscore the need to evaluate the risk–benefit balance when considering obinutuzumab therapy for HM patients during respiratory viral outbreaks.

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