Neutrosophic Similarity Measure for Assessing Digital Watermarked Images

Abstract

Digital watermarking is an essential tool for numerous applications, and the quality of watermarked images must be assessed using accurate criteria. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), a widely used image assessment metric, has limits when evaluating images containing noise, such as watermarks. To tackle such kind of issues this, this study investigates a different assessment metric, the Neutrosophic Similarity Measure, and assesses its performance in evaluating watermarked images when compared to PSNR. Similarities to ascertain whether the neutrosophic similarity Measure has a higher noise tolerance and offers a more accurate evaluation of watermarked images. The results show that Neutrosophic Similarity Measure overcomes PSNR in capturing the influence of additive watermarks and demonstrating superior noise tolerance through experimental evaluation on a dataset of watermarked images. These findings highlight the possibility of adopting new assessment metric, such as neutrosophic similarity measure, for assessing watermarked images, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of evaluating watermarked Images.

Keywords

• digital image assessment
• watermark
• neutrosophic similarity measure