Antioxidant Capacity, Vitamin C and Polyphenol Profile Evaluation of a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> By-Product Extract Obtained by Ultrasound Using Eutectic Solvent
Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos,
Julio Enrique Oney-Montalvo,
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez,
Marisela González-Ávila,
Matteo Scampicchio,
Ksenia Morozova,
Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre,
Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
Affiliations
Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Sierra Papacal 97302, Mexico
Julio Enrique Oney-Montalvo
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Sierra Papacal 97302, Mexico
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico
Marisela González-Ávila
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Ex vivo Digestion Laboratory, CIATEJ, Normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal 44270, Mexico
Matteo Scampicchio
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
Ksenia Morozova
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Sierra Papacal 97302, Mexico
Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Sierra Papacal 97302, Mexico
Habanero pepper leaves and stems (by-products) have been traditionally considered waste; however, bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamin C and carotenoids have been identified that can be used for formulation of nutraceuticals or functional foods. Furthermore, the extraction of these bioactive compounds by using environmentally friendly methods and solvents is desirable. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content (TPC), the phenolic profile and vitamin C content in extracts obtained from by-products (stems and leaves) of two varieties (Mayapan and Jaguar) of habanero pepper by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The results showed that NADES leads to extracts with significantly higher TPC, higher concentrations of individual polyphenols (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid), vitamin C and, finally, higher antioxidant capacity (9.55 ± 0.02 eq mg Trolox/g DM) than UAE extraction performed with methanol as the solvent. The association of individual polyphenols with NADES was confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, NADES is an innovative and promising “green” extraction technique that can be applied successfully for the extraction of phenolic compounds from habanero pepper by-products.
