Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Естественные науки (Nov 2021)
The effect of growth regulators with antioxidant properties on the biochemical parameters of potato plant tubers
Abstract
Background. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the study of the mechanism of synthetic and natural growth regulators’ action on the elements of the plant production process. One of the possible ways to regulate physiological processes is the use of physiologically active compounds with antioxidant activity. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of synthetic growth regulators – the antioxidant ambiol and Energia- M, as well as the natural antioxidant – caffeic acid on the biochemical parameters of potato plant tubers. Materials and methods. Potato plants of the Zhukovsky Early variety selected by All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (Korenevo, Russia) and the Vega variety (Norika, Germany) were used as the object of research. The plants were grown in a soil culture in the conditions of a growing house. Treatment with synthetic regulators was carried out by soaking the planting tubers in aqueous solutions of ambiol – 60 mg/l, “Energy-M” – 100 mg/l for 2 hours. Treatment of plants with 0.1 mM solution of caffeic acid was carried out by spraying 15 days after the emergence of seedlings. Control plants were treated with water. The concentration of sucrose was determined by the biochemical method using resorcinol reagent, the starch content – by the Evers method, the protein content – by the Kjeldahl method, the content of ash elements and fiber – by the Ermakov method, the determination of ascorbic acid – by the HPLC method. Results. Treatment with growth regulators increased the starch content in plant tubers: under the action of ambiol and Energia-M by 10 % (Vega variety), under the action of caffeic acid – by 12 % (Zhukovsky early variety) compared to the control. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of sucrose in tubers under the influence of the studied antioxidants was shown in both potato varieties. A greater effect was shown by the growth regulator “Energia- M”, an increase of almost 30 % (for example, the Vega potato variety) against the control. On the contrary, the content of another polysaccharide – cellulose under the action of siliceauxin “Energia-M” decreased by 18 % in Vega potatoes. The antioxidant ambiol and Energia-M increased the protein content in the tubers of the Vega potato variety by 44 and 15 %, respectively. The above-mentioned synthetic growth regulators also significantly increased the content of ash elements in tubers: ambiol – by 57 %, Energia-M – by 50 % against the control. Treatment of plants with the natural antioxidant caffeic acid contributed to a significant accumulation of ascorbic acid in potato tubers of the Zhukovsky early variety. The increase was approximately 2 times compared to the control. Conclusions. Thus, the study on the effect of growth regulators with antioxidant properties of ambiol, “Energia-M” and caffeic acid on potato plants revealed their effectiveness in relation to the quality indicators of tubers. An intensification of polymerization was noted, which resulted in an increase in the starch content (on the example of both studied varieties) and the protein content (Vega variety). This increase is probably due to the action of IAA in tubers. The increase in the ash content of Vega tubers is probably due to the increased active transport of ions through the cell membrane of the storage tissue of the tuber due to the activation of transport ATPase under the action of auxins. The analysis of the obtained results on the action of growth regulators with antioxidant properties allows us to recommend the above physiologically active compounds (ambiol, “Energia-M” and caffeic acid) to potato growing practitioners in order to improve the quality of the tuber composition.
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