Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity
Dibakar Ghosh,
Koushik Brahmachari,
Milan Skalicky,
Akbar Hossain,
Sukamal Sarkar,
Nirmal Kumar Dinda,
Anupam Das,
Biswajit Pramanick,
Debojyoti Moulick,
Marian Brestic,
Muhammad Ali Raza,
Celaleddin Barutcular,
Shah Fahad,
Hirofumi Saneoka,
Ayman EL Sabagh
Affiliations
Dibakar Ghosh
ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482004, India
Koushik Brahmachari
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
Milan Skalicky
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
Akbar Hossain
Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
Sukamal Sarkar
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
Nirmal Kumar Dinda
Office of the Assistant Director of Agriculture, Suri II Block, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Birbhum, West Bengal 731129, India
Anupam Das
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210, India
Biswajit Pramanick
Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 848125, India
Debojyoti Moulick
Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory, Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
Marian Brestic
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
Muhammad Ali Raza
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Celaleddin Barutcular
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Sarıçam/Adana 01330, Turkey
Shah Fahad
Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
Hirofumi Saneoka
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Ayman EL Sabagh
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
Declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize. The treatment combinations comprised of supplementation of inorganic fertilizer (25% nitrogen) through bulky (Farmyard manure and vermicompost) and concentrated (Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) and neem cake (NC)) organic manures and different mode of weed management practices like chemical (atrazine 1000 g ha−1) and integrated approach (atrazine 1000 g ha−1 followed by mechanical weeding). Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. But organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize. By restricting the weed growth and nutrient removal by most dominating weeds, application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop. Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study. Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis, whereas integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine. As a result, atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.
