Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Sustainable Packaging: A Green Approach

Abstract

This research examines the characteristics and ecological viability of polymer matrix nanocomposites used in sustainable packaging. Nanocomposites were produced by combining varied proportions of polymer and nanofiller material. Through mechanical testing, it was determined that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the maximum tensile strength of 55 MPa, as well as a Young's modulus of 3.5 GPa, showing greater stiffness in comparison to the other formulations. The evaluation of barrier qualities revealed that nanocomposite formulation 2 exhibited the most minimal oxygen permeability at a rate of 8 cc/m2/day and the lowest water vapor transmission rate at 4.5 g/m2/day, showing very efficient performance in preventing the passage of gases and moisture. The environmental impact study showed that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the most efficient energy consumption during manufacture, with a rate of 1.8 kWh/kg. It also had the lowest waste creation, with just 0.08 kg/kg, and the lowest CO2 emissions, with only 0.4 kg/kg. Nanocomposite formulation 3 demonstrated substantial improvements in mechanical characteristics, barrier properties, and environmental impact indicators when compared to the reference formulations, as shown by the percentage change analysis. In summary, this study showcases the capabilities of polymer matrix nanocomposites, specifically formulation 3, as environmentally friendly packaging materials that offer improved mechanical properties, effective barrier performance, and reduced ecological footprint. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable packaging solutions across different industries.