Viruses (Sep 2024)

Comparison of Dual Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for COVID-19 Evolution: A Multicentric Retrospective Study

  • Karen Zafilaza,
  • Jonathan Bellet,
  • Aurélie Truffot,
  • Vincent Foulongne,
  • Manuela Mireille Onambele,
  • Maud Salmona,
  • Camille Vellas,
  • Claire Périllaud-Dubois,
  • Audrey Mirand,
  • Elisabeth André-Garnier,
  • Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou,
  • Ségolène Brichler,
  • Honorine Fenaux,
  • Magali Bouvier-Alias,
  • Cédric Hartard,
  • Céline Dorival,
  • Fabrice Carrat,
  • Anne-Geneviève Marcelin,
  • Karl Stefic,
  • Cathia Soulie

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/v16101542
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 10
p. 1542

Abstract

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Background: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein reduce COVID-19-related risk of hospitalization, particularly in high-risk individuals. The COCOPREV-R study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes in high-risk SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with dual monoclonal antibody therapies and to identify associated virological factors. Methods: The COCOPREV-R study retrospectively collected real-world data from high-risk patients receiving Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab or Casirivimab/Imdevimab dual monoclonal antibody therapies (22 February 2021 to 15 June 2021). Results: The study included 1004 patients with COVID-19, of whom 691 received Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab and 313 received Casirivimab/Imdevimab. The alpha variant represented 90.1% of those for whom data were available. The risk of hospitalization within 30 days was lower with Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (12.7%, CI 95% [9.9–16.3%]) compared to Casirivimab/Imdevimab (28.4%, CI 95% [22.7–35.1%) (p p = 0.982). Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativity showed no difference between the two treatment groups (95.2% [93.0–96.9%] and 93.5% [89.1–96.6%] until day 30, p = 0.851 for Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab and Casirivimab/Imdevimab, respectively). Among persistently positive samples with available sequencing results (n = 43), Spike protein changes occurred only in Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (42.9%) vs. Casirivimab/Imdevimab (0.0%) groups. Q493R (25.0%) and E484K (12.5%) were the most common mutations selected by Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab in follow-up samples. Other factors (immunodepression, comorbidities, and age) did not appear to be associated with the occurrence of Spike protein mutations. Conclusions: A higher rate of hospitalization was seen with Casirivimab/Imdevimab (RONAPREVE®) in comparison with Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab treatment, but with the emergence of Spike mutations only in the Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab group.

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