Mini-Review on Lipofuscin and Aging: Focusing on The Molecular Interface, The Biological Recycling Mechanism, Oxidative Stress, and The Gut-Brain Axis Functionality
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie,
Alin Ciobica,
Sorin Riga,
Nitasha Dhunna,
Jack McKenna,
Ioannis Mavroudis,
Bogdan Doroftei,
Adela-Magdalena Ciobanu,
Dan Riga
Affiliations
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
Alin Ciobica
Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
Sorin Riga
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
York Hospital, Wigginton road Clifton, York YO31 8HE, UK
Ioannis Mavroudis
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
Bogdan Doroftei
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Adela-Magdalena Ciobanu
Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, no 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Dan Riga
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
Intra-lysosomal accumulation of the autofluorescent “residue” known as lipofuscin, which is found within postmitotic cells, remains controversial. Although it was considered a harmless hallmark of aging, its presence is detrimental as it continually accumulates. The latest evidence highlighted that lipofuscin strongly correlates with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species; however, despite this, lipofuscin cannot be removed by the biological recycling mechanisms. The antagonistic effects exerted at the DNA level culminate in a dysregulation of the cell cycle, by inducing a loss of the entire internal environment and abnormal gene(s) expression. Additionally, it appears that a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species can be attributed to gut microbiota, due to their ability to shape our behavior and neurodevelopment through their maintenance of the central nervous system.
