The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
The Dual Nature of GHZ9: Coexisting Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity in a Remote X-Ray Source at z = 10.145
- Lorenzo Napolitano,
- Marco Castellano,
- Laura Pentericci,
- Cristian Vignali,
- Roberto Gilli,
- Adriano Fontana,
- Paola Santini,
- Tommaso Treu,
- Antonello Calabrò,
- Mario Llerena,
- Enrico Piconcelli,
- Luca Zappacosta,
- Sara Mascia,
- Roberta Tripodi,
- Pablo Arrabal Haro,
- Pietro Bergamini,
- Tom J. L. C. Bakx,
- Mark Dickinson,
- Karl Glazebrook,
- Alaina Henry,
- Nicha Leethochawalit,
- Giovanni Mazzolari,
- Emiliano Merlin,
- Takahiro Morishita,
- Themiya Nanayakkara,
- Diego Paris,
- Simonetta Puccetti,
- Guido Roberts-Borsani,
- Sofia Rojas Ruiz,
- Piero Rosati,
- Eros Vanzella,
- Fabio Vito,
- Benedetta Vulcani,
- Xin Wang,
- Ilsang Yoon,
- Jorge A. Zavala
Affiliations
- Lorenzo Napolitano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Sapienza , Città Universitaria di Roma—Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Marco Castellano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Laura Pentericci
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Cristian Vignali
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), University of Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy; INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Roberto Gilli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Adriano Fontana
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Paola Santini
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Tommaso Treu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Antonello Calabrò
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Mario Llerena
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Enrico Piconcelli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Luca Zappacosta
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Sara Mascia
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
- Roberta Tripodi
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]; IFPU—Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
- Pablo Arrabal Haro
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Pietro Bergamini
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Tom J. L. C. Bakx
- ORCiD
- Department of Space, Earth, & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Chalmersplatsen 4 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mark Dickinson
- ORCiD
- NSF’s NOIRLab , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Karl Glazebrook
- ORCiD
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Alaina Henry
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Nicha Leethochawalit
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) , Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
- Giovanni Mazzolari
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), University of Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy; INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Emiliano Merlin
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Takahiro Morishita
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , MC 314-6, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Themiya Nanayakkara
- ORCiD
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Diego Paris
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, 00078, Monteporzio Catone, Italy ; [email protected]
- Simonetta Puccetti
- ORCiD
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana-Unità di Ricerca Scientifica , Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Guido Roberts-Borsani
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Sofia Rojas Ruiz
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Piero Rosati
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Eros Vanzella
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Fabio Vito
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Benedetta Vulcani
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio astronomico di Padova , Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
- Xin Wang
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Ilsang Yoon
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Jorge A. Zavala
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade706
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 989,
no. 1
p. 75
Abstract
We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRSpec PRISM spectroscopic characterization of GHZ9 at z = 10.145 ± 0.010, currently the most distant source detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum reveals several UV high-ionization lines, including C II , Si IV , N IV ], C IV , He II , O III ], N III ], and C III ]. The prominent rest-frame equivalent widths (EW(C IV ) ≃ 65 Å, EW(O III ]) ≃ 28 Å, and EW(C III ]) ≃ 48 Å) show the presence of a hard active galactic nucleus (AGN) radiation field, while line ratio diagnostics are consistent with either AGN or star formation as the dominant ionizing source. GHZ9 is nitrogen-enriched (6–9.5 (N/O) _⊙ ), carbon-poor (0.2–0.65 (C/O) _⊙ ), metal-poor ( Z = 0.01–0.1 Z _⊙ ), and compact (0.02, implies an accelerated growth of the BH mass with respect to the stellar mass. GHZ9 is the ideal target to constrain the early phases of AGN–galaxy coevolution with future multifrequency observations.
Keywords
