Protein post-translational modification regulates HIV-1 latency

Abstract

AIDS is a disease named acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV can be divided into HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). HIV-1 is a global pandemic that has caused serious harm. Although the application of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can prolong the life of patients, HIV-1 infection cannot be completely cured at present. The main obstacle to the cure of HIV-1 infection is the existence of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. The HIV-1 latent reservoir can be defined as a population of long-lived resting CD4+ T cells that carry HIV-1 proviruses with the potential to replicate. Post-translational modifications make viral proteins and host cell proteins form a more complex interaction network, and the formation and regulation of HIV-1 latent reservoir are closely related to the posttranslational modifications of viral proteins and host cell proteins. Therefore, this paper will explain the mechanism of HIV-1 latency establishment and regulation from the perspective of viral proteins and host cell proteins post-translational modifications. This will help to explore and develop new targets for HIV-1 treatment, and facilitate the realization of the goal of functional cure of HIV-1 infection. Finally, this paper will also review the research progress of HIV-1 medicines which target protein post-translational modifications and may provide insights and inspiration for subsequent medichines development of HIV-1 treatment.

Keywords

• human immunodeficiency virus
• post translational modifications
• regulation of latency