Phenolic Compound, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and In Silico Studies of Extracts from the Aerial Parts of <i>Lactuca saligna</i> L.
Aziz Bouymajane,
Fouzia Rhazi Filali,
Soumia Moujane,
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub,
Philipp Otzen,
Souhail Channaoui,
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra,
Toufik Bouddine,
Khalid Sellam,
Ali Ait Boughrous,
Natalizia Miceli,
Ammar B. Altemimi,
Francesco Cacciola
Affiliations
Aziz Bouymajane
Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
Fouzia Rhazi Filali
Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
Soumia Moujane
Biochemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, Errachdia 50003, Morocco
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Philipp Otzen
Institute of Anorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
Souhail Channaoui
Oasis System Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Errachidia, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 415, Rabat 10090, Morocco
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, M’ghila Campus, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
Toufik Bouddine
Bioactive Molecules, Health and Biotechnology, Centre of Technology and Transformation, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
Khalid Sellam
Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
Ali Ait Boughrous
Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
Natalizia Miceli
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Ammar B. Altemimi
Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
Francesco Cacciola
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Medicinal plants are considered a major source for discovering novel effective drugs. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the chemical composition and biological activities of Moroccan Lactuca saligna extracts. In this context, this study aims to characterize the polyphenolic compounds distributed in hydro-methanolic extracts of L. saligna and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities; in addition, in silico analysis based on molecular docking and ADMET was performed to predict the antibacterial activity of the identified phenolic compounds. Our results showed the identification of 29 among 30 detected phenolic compounds with an abundance of dicaffeoyltartaric acid, luteolin 7-glucoronide, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid with 472.77, 224.30, 196.79, and 171.74 mg/kg of dried extract, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and ferrous ion-chelating (FIC) assay showed interesting antioxidant activity. Moreover, the results showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 1.30 ± 0.31 and 10.41 ± 0.23 mg/mL. Furthermore, in silico analysis identified three compounds, including Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and 3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid as potent candidates for developing new antibacterial agents with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Hence, L. saligna can be considered a source of phytochemical compounds with remarkable activities, while further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to explore the main biological activities of this plant.
