Effects of Symmetric and Asymmetric Nonlinearity on the Dynamics of a Third-Order Autonomous Duffing–Holmes Oscillator

Abstract

A generalized third-order autonomous Duffing–Holmes system is proposed and deeply investigated. The proposed system is obtained by adding a parametric quadratic term mx2 to the cubic nonlinear term −x3 of an existing third-order autonomous Duffing–Holmes system. This modification allows the system to feature smoothly adjustable nonlinearity, symmetry, and nontrivial equilibria. A particular attention is given to the effects of symmetric and asymmetric nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system. For the specific case of m=0, the system is symmetric and interesting phenomena are observed, namely, coexistence of symmetric bifurcations, presence of parallel branches, and the coexistence of four (periodic-chaotic) and six (periodic) symmetric attractors. For m≠0, the system loses its symmetry. This favors the emergence of other behaviors, such as the coexistence of asymmetric bifurcations, involving the coexistence of several asymmetric attractors (periodic-periodic or periodic-chaotic). All these phenomena have been numerically highlighted using nonlinear dynamic tools (bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, time series, frequency spectra, Poincaré section, cross sections of the attraction basins, etc.) and an analog computer of the system. In fact, PSpice simulations of the latter confirm numerical results. Moreover, amplitude control and synchronization strategies are also provided in order to promote the exploitation of the proposed system in engineering.