Earth System Science Data (Aug 2023)
Global oceanic diazotroph database version 2 and elevated estimate of global oceanic N<sub>2</sub> fixation
- Z. Shao,
- Y. Xu,
- H. Wang,
- W. Luo,
- L. Wang,
- Y. Huang,
- N. S. R. Agawin,
- A. Ahmed,
- M. Benavides,
- M. Benavides,
- M. Bentzon-Tilia,
- I. Berman-Frank,
- H. Berthelot,
- I. C. Biegala,
- M. B. Bif,
- A. Bode,
- S. Bonnet,
- D. A. Bronk,
- M. V. Brown,
- L. Campbell,
- D. G. Capone,
- E. J. Carpenter,
- N. Cassar,
- N. Cassar,
- B. X. Chang,
- D. Chappell,
- Y.-L. Chen,
- M. J. Church,
- F. M. Cornejo-Castillo,
- A. M. S. Detoni,
- S. C. Doney,
- C. Dupouy,
- M. Estrada,
- C. Fernandez,
- C. Fernandez,
- B. Fernández-Castro,
- D. Fonseca-Batista,
- R. A. Foster,
- K. Furuya,
- N. Garcia,
- K. Goto,
- J. Gago,
- M. R. Gradoville,
- M. R. Hamersley,
- B. A. Henke,
- C. Hörstmann,
- A. Jayakumar,
- Z. Jiang,
- S.-J. Kao,
- D. M. Karl,
- L. R. Kittu,
- A. N. Knapp,
- S. Kumar,
- J. LaRoche,
- H. Liu,
- J. Liu,
- C. Lory,
- C. R. Löscher,
- E. Marañón,
- L. F. Messer,
- M. M. Mills,
- W. Mohr,
- P. H. Moisander,
- C. Mahaffey,
- R. Moore,
- B. Mouriño-Carballido,
- M. R. Mulholland,
- S. Nakaoka,
- J. A. Needoba,
- E. J. Raes,
- E. Rahav,
- T. Ramírez-Cárdenas,
- C. F. Reeder,
- L. Riemann,
- V. Riou,
- J. C. Robidart,
- V. V. S. S. Sarma,
- T. Sato,
- H. Saxena,
- C. Selden,
- J. R. Seymour,
- D. Shi,
- T. Shiozaki,
- A. Singh,
- R. E. Sipler,
- J. Sun,
- J. Sun,
- K. Suzuki,
- K. Takahashi,
- Y. Tan,
- W. Tang,
- J.-É. Tremblay,
- K. Turk-Kubo,
- Z. Wen,
- A. E. White,
- S. T. Wilson,
- T. Yoshida,
- J. P. Zehr,
- R. Zhang,
- Y. Zhang,
- Y.-W. Luo
Affiliations
- Z. Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Y. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- H. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- W. Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- L. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Y. Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- N. S. R. Agawin
- Marine Ecology and Systematics (MarES) Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- A. Ahmed
- Environment and Life Science Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
- M. Benavides
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- M. Benavides
- Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
- M. Bentzon-Tilia
- Department for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- I. Berman-Frank
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- H. Berthelot
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Plouzané, France
- I. C. Biegala
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- M. B. Bif
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, USA
- A. Bode
- Oceanographic Center of A Coruña, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), A Coruña, Spain
- S. Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- D. A. Bronk
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
- M. V. Brown
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- L. Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- D. G. Capone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Environmental Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- E. J. Carpenter
- College of Science and Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
- N. Cassar
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- N. Cassar
- CNRS, Université de Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
- B. X. Chang
- Vesta, PBC, Southampton, New York, USA
- D. Chappell
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Y.-L. Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- M. J. Church
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
- F. M. Cornejo-Castillo
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- A. M. S. Detoni
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Spain
- S. C. Doney
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- C. Dupouy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- M. Estrada
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- C. Fernandez
- CNRS Observatoire océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
- C. Fernandez
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Vigo, Chile
- B. Fernández-Castro
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- D. Fonseca-Batista
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- R. A. Foster
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- K. Furuya
- Institute of Plankton Eco-engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- N. Garcia
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- K. Goto
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
- J. Gago
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Concepción, Spain
- M. R. Gradoville
- Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon, USA
- M. R. Hamersley
- Environmental Studies, Soka University of America, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
- B. A. Henke
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- C. Hörstmann
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- A. Jayakumar
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Z. Jiang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- S.-J. Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- D. M. Karl
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- L. R. Kittu
- Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düstern, Kiel, Germany
- A. N. Knapp
- Department of Earth, Ocean, & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- S. Kumar
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
- J. LaRoche
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- H. Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- J. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- C. Lory
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD, Marseille, France
- C. R. Löscher
- Department of Biology, DIAS, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- E. Marañón
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
- L. F. Messer
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
- M. M. Mills
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- W. Mohr
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- P. H. Moisander
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- C. Mahaffey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- R. Moore
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- B. Mouriño-Carballido
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
- M. R. Mulholland
- Department of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- S. Nakaoka
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- J. A. Needoba
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
- E. J. Raes
- Flourishing Oceans, Minderoo Foundation, Broadway, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- E. Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
- T. Ramírez-Cárdenas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Fuengirola, Spain
- C. F. Reeder
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- L. Riemann
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
- V. Riou
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry & Earth System Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- J. C. Robidart
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
- V. V. S. S. Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Cente Waltair, Visakhapatnam, India
- T. Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- H. Saxena
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
- C. Selden
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick New Jersey, USA
- J. R. Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- D. Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- T. Shiozaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- A. Singh
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
- R. E. Sipler
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- J. Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- J. Sun
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- K. Suzuki
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- K. Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Y. Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- W. Tang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- J.-É. Tremblay
- Québec-Océan and Takuvik, Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- K. Turk-Kubo
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Z. Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- A. E. White
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- S. T. Wilson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- T. Yoshida
- Graduate school of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- J. P. Zehr
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- R. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Y. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Y.-W. Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
pp. 3673 – 3709
Abstract
Marine diazotrophs convert dinitrogen (N2) gas into bioavailable nitrogen (N), supporting life in the global ocean. In 2012, the first version of the global oceanic diazotroph database (version 1) was published. Here, we present an updated version of the database (version 2), significantly increasing the number of in situ diazotrophic measurements from 13 565 to 55 286. Data points for N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundance, and nifH gene copy abundance have increased by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Version 2 includes two new data sheets for the nifH gene copy abundance of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs and cell-specific N2 fixation rates. The measurements of N2 fixation rates approximately follow a log-normal distribution in both version 1 and version 2. However, version 2 considerably extends both the left and right tails of the distribution. Consequently, when estimating global oceanic N2 fixation rates using the geometric means of different ocean basins, version 1 and version 2 yield similar rates (43–57 versus 45–63 Tg N yr−1; ranges based on one geometric standard error). In contrast, when using arithmetic means, version 2 suggests a significantly higher rate of 223±30 Tg N yr−1 (mean ± standard error; same hereafter) compared to version 1 (74±7 Tg N yr−1). Specifically, substantial rate increases are estimated for the South Pacific Ocean (88±23 versus 20±2 Tg N yr−1), primarily driven by measurements in the southwestern subtropics, and for the North Atlantic Ocean (40±9 versus 10±2 Tg N yr−1). Moreover, version 2 estimates the N2 fixation rate in the Indian Ocean to be 35±14 Tg N yr−1, which could not be estimated using version 1 due to limited data availability. Furthermore, a comparison of N2 fixation rates obtained through different measurement methods at the same months, locations, and depths reveals that the conventional 15N2 bubble method yields lower rates in 69 % cases compared to the new 15N2 dissolution method. This updated version of the database can facilitate future studies in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. The database is stored at the Figshare repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21677687; Shao et al., 2022).
