The Place of Spinal column of Civil Law in Islam and Iran’s Law Jurisprudence and Legal Analyses on The Division of Rights in Rem and Rights in Personal

Abstract

In the Roman-Germanic legal system, in a general classification and on the basis of separation of property rights from obligations, the property rights are divided into rights in rem and rights in personam. Owing to the structural significance of this classification, it is refered to spinal column of this legal system. Currently, however, by domination of material approach and the change occurred in the concept of property, this classification has been criticized and some claim of its disappearance. Having no legal basis, this classification has been extended to Iranian legal system, and has been accepted by most of the jurists and has affected many of the legal institutions. While in accordance with numerous reasons including adapting the theory of ownership of unsatisfied property and ownership of benefits, which constitute the essential and key institutions of Islamic law, existence of this classification is extremely doubtful and on the presumption of adaption of this classification, examples of rights in rem and chose in action are not the same in foreign law. In this respect, returning to traditional and domestic classification of "right and property" is suggested by the author.

Keywords

• rights in rem
• rights in personam
• right and property
• debt
• unsatisfied property