Impact of Row Distance and Seed Density on Grain Yield, Quality Traits, and Free Asparagine of Organically Grown Wheat

Abstract

Organic farming faces challenges providing sufficient nutrient supply as manure and crop rotations are often the major nutrient inputs. Larger row distances and fewer seed densities can support nitrogen availability by giving more space to the single plant. As free asparagine (Asn) the main precursor of acrylamide (AA) in plants is closely related to nitrogen uptake and storage, the question arose whether free Asn will be affected by row distance and seed densities in organic farming. This study investigated the effect of row distance and seed density on yield, yield components, baking quality, and free Asn in organic farming. A two-year field trial was carried out including two winter wheat cultivars, two row distances, and two seed densities. Year and cultivar highly influenced all traits. The impact of both treatments was mainly caused by interaction. Nevertheless, enlarged row distances raised baking quality, while free Asn was changed to a minor extent. Thus, we recommend larger row distances for raising baking quality without increasing free Asn. Seed density is of minor relevance. The close relation found between free Asn and grains per spike (R2 = 0.72) indicates that smaller grains contain more Asn than bigger grains. This opens new insights into Asn synthesis during grain development and offers a potential prediction of Asn amounts.

Keywords

• acrylamide
• free asparagine
• organic farming
• yield
• grain size
• quality
• food safety
• row distance
• seed density
• cereals