Avaliação tomográfica pulmonar tardia em prematuros com displasia broncopulmonar e persistência de canal arterial Late pulmonary tomography assessment in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia submitted to patent ductus arteriosus managemnent

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Avaliação tomográfica do parênquima pulmonar de crianças nascidas prematuras de muito baixo peso, com persistência do canal arterial submetidas a tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico e que apresentaram displasia broncopulmonar. MÉTODOS: Entre dezembro de 2006 e janeiro de 2007, 14 crianças foram submetidas à tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução (TCAR), que nasceram prematuras, peso inferior a 1500 gramas, com displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) e persistência do canal arterial (PCA), os quais necessitaram tratamento para oclusão do canal, sendo divididos em dois grupos: A - clínico (n = 6) e B - cirúrgico (n = 8). Nove pacientes eram do sexo masculino e cinco, do feminino, com idade média de 36,5±4,3 meses. As TCAR foram analisadas por dois observadores independentes e as lesões quantificadas em cada paciente. Para análises estatísticas, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e considerados significantes valores de pOBJECTIVE: To assess through high-resolution computed tomography the pulmonary parenchyma of children prematurely born with both very low birth weight and patent ductus arteriosus submitted to medical or surgical treatment that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. METHODS: Between December 2006 and January 2007, 14 children prematurely born with a weight less than 1500g with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were submitted to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). All of them underwent surgical closure of the canal divided into two groups: A - medical (n=6) and B - surgical (n=8). The pool of patients comprised 9 baby boys and 5 girls who were 36.5±4.3 month-old. The HRCT were analyzed by two independent observers and quantified in each patient. The statistical analyses were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Three patients presented normal tomographies, being two of A group and one of B. In A, the most frequent finding was multifocal ground-glass opacity. In B, multifocal ground-glass opacity, atelectasis, and low attenuation areas with relatively decreased number and caliber of vessels were prevalent (62.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between both groups, with B having higher averages in the intubation times, use of oxygen, and admission. However, as to the number of injuries found on HRCT there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.0787). CONCLUSION: The lately use of HRCT have shown no significant difference between both medical and surgical treatment aiming at to occlude the PDA in pulmonary parenchyma injuries of premature with PDA that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Keywords

• Tomografia
• Persistência do conduto arterioso
• Displasia broncopulmonar
• Tomography
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia