Antioxidant Properties and Protective Effects of Some Species of the Annonaceae, Lamiaceae, and Geraniaceae Families against Neuronal Damage Induced by Excitotoxicity and Cerebral Ischemia
Narayana Pineda-Ramírez,
Fernando Calzada,
Iván Alquisiras-Burgos,
Omar Noel Medina-Campos,
José Pedraza-Chaverri,
Alma Ortiz-Plata,
Enrique Pinzón Estrada,
Ismael Torres,
Penélope Aguilera
Affiliations
Narayana Pineda-Ramírez
Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, México CDMX 14269, Mexico
Fernando Calzada
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, 2 piso CORSE, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México CDMX 06725, Mexico
Iván Alquisiras-Burgos
Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, México CDMX 14269, Mexico
Omar Noel Medina-Campos
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México CDMX 04510, Mexico
José Pedraza-Chaverri
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México CDMX 04510, Mexico
Alma Ortiz-Plata
Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, México CDMX 14269, Mexico
Enrique Pinzón Estrada
Unidad del Bioterio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México CDMX 04510, Mexico
Ismael Torres
Unidad del Bioterio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México CDMX 04510, Mexico
Penélope Aguilera
Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, México CDMX 14269, Mexico
This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from three plant families and evaluate their therapeutic effect on strokes. Ethanol extracts were obtained from either the leaf or the aerial parts of plants of the families Annonaceae (Annona cherimola, A. diversifolia, A. muricata, A. purpurea, and A. reticulata), Lamiaceae (Salvia amaríssima and S. polystachya), and Geraniaceae (Geranium niveum and G. mexicanum). Extracts were analyzed in terms of hydroxyl radical (OH•), peroxyl radical (ROO•), and superoxide anion (O2•−). The efficiency of the extracts to prevent neuronal death induced by excitotoxicity was tested with the tetrazolium assay, the O2•− scavenging capacity was evaluated with the dihydroethidium dye, and the protective effect of the extracts with the highest antioxidant activity was tested on a stroke experimental model. The extracts’ IC50 values (μg/mL) of scavenging varied from 98.9 to 155.04, 4.5 to 102.4, and 20.2 to 118.97 for OH•, ROO•, and O2•−, respectively. In the excitotoxicity model, Annonaceae extracts were highly cytotoxic while Lamiaceae and Geraniaceae reduced intracellular O2•− production and protect neurons against oxidative stress. Salvia polystachya reduced cerebral damage, as well as improved survival and behavior after ischemia. Our results encouraged the use of plant extracts as natural antioxidants to minimize neuronal injury following stroke.
