A Concise Review of Prodigious Salinomycin and Its Derivatives Effective in Treatment of Breast Cancer: (2012–2022)

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cells in a primary tumor that have the opportunity to self-renew as well as differentiate into certain cell types, thus forming a mixed tumor. CSCs have been shown to be involved in every aspect of cancer development, including tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastatic activity; they are also involved in chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the recurrence of certain cancers. Based on these capabilities, CSCs have been explored as the next target for the treatment and management of cancer. Salinomycin (SAL), a polyether ionophore antibiotic being used in the poultry industry, was identified as a powerful anti-cancer compound that possesses broad-spectrum activities, especially against CSCs. Here we point out the noteworthy work reported on SAL’s mechanism of action, anticancer activities, toxicity, and clinic applications. In addition, SAL derivatives synthesized by different research groups and their biological activity will also be highlighted.

Keywords

• cancer stem cells
• salinomycin
• ironomycin
• triple negative breast cancer
• chemotherapeutic agents