Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Mar 2022)

Atmospheric composition in the European Arctic and 30 years of the Zeppelin Observatory, Ny-Ålesund

  • S. M. Platt,
  • Ø. Hov,
  • T. Berg,
  • K. Breivik,
  • S. Eckhardt,
  • K. Eleftheriadis,
  • N. Evangeliou,
  • M. Fiebig,
  • R. Fisher,
  • G. Hansen,
  • H.-C. Hansson,
  • J. Heintzenberg,
  • O. Hermansen,
  • D. Heslin-Rees,
  • K. Holmén,
  • S. Hudson,
  • R. Kallenborn,
  • R. Krejci,
  • T. Krognes,
  • S. Larssen,
  • D. Lowry,
  • C. Lund Myhre,
  • C. Lunder,
  • E. Nisbet,
  • P. B. Nizetto,
  • K.-T. Park,
  • C. A. Pedersen,
  • K. Aspmo Pfaffhuber,
  • T. Röckmann,
  • N. Schmidbauer,
  • S. Solberg,
  • A. Stohl,
  • A. Stohl,
  • J. Ström,
  • T. Svendby,
  • P. Tunved,
  • K. Tørnkvist,
  • C. van der Veen,
  • S. Vratolis,
  • Y. J. Yoon,
  • K. E. Yttri,
  • P. Zieger,
  • W. Aas,
  • K. Tørseth

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 22
pp. 3321 – 3369

Abstract

Read online

The Zeppelin Observatory (78.90∘ N, 11.88∘ E) is located on Zeppelin Mountain at 472 m a.s.l. on Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago. Established in 1989, the observatory is part of Ny-Ålesund Research Station and an important atmospheric measurement site, one of only a few in the high Arctic, and a part of several European and global monitoring programmes and research infrastructures, notably the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP); the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP); the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW); the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS); the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network; and the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). The observatory is jointly operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Stockholm University, and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). Here we detail the establishment of the Zeppelin Observatory including historical measurements of atmospheric composition in the European Arctic leading to its construction. We present a history of the measurements at the observatory and review the current state of the European Arctic atmosphere, including results from trends in greenhouse gases, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), other traces gases, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals, aerosols and Arctic haze, and atmospheric transport phenomena, and provide an outline of future research directions.