Maritime Networks and Economic Regionalism in the Roman Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract

Exchange in the Roman Mediterranean has often been described with general network terminology, but rarely have the formal methods or theory of network analysis been applied to the archaeological evidence for Roman maritime interaction. Using case studies around the island of Cyprus, this paper addresses how network approaches might inform analysis of seaborne economic and social connectivity at different scales across the ancient world. The locations of opportunistic ports, and the cargo sizes and approximate durations of journeys represented by shipwrecks provide parameters for characterizing network activity: in this case the networks that linked communities beyond the major coastal urban ports into a highly regionalized maritime economy. This approach to network activity defines and emphasizes a regional scale as distinct from both local and long-distance activity. It raises critical issues about the structure and functioning of networks in light of the socioeconomic conditions and logistics of ancient seafaring, and it provides a framework for investigating the development of markets in the Roman maritime economy. Rather than revealing a single expansive and well-integrated “trade network” across the Roman Mediterranean, the approach here suggests multiple discrete regional and interregional networks centered on distinct products, ships, distances, agents, communities, and economic mechanisms.

Keywords

• Antiquity
• Cyprus
• maritim connectivity
• regional economy