New Insights on Antennal Sensilla of <i>Anastrepha ludens</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Advanced Microscopy Techniques
Larissa Guillén,
Lorena López-Sánchez,
Olinda Velázquez,
Greta Rosas-Saito,
Alma Altúzar-Molina,
John G. Stoffolano,
Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez,
Martín Aluja
Affiliations
Larissa Guillén
Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Lorena López-Sánchez
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic<sup>®</sup>, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Olinda Velázquez
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic<sup>®</sup>, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Greta Rosas-Saito
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic<sup>®</sup>, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Alma Altúzar-Molina
Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
John G. Stoffolano
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic<sup>®</sup>, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Martín Aluja
Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.—INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Ver., Mexico
Using light, transmission, scanning electron, and confocal microscopy, we carried out a morphological study of antennal sensilla and their ultrastructures of the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew), an economically important species that is a pest of mangos and citrus in Mexico and Central America. Our goal was to update the known information on the various sensilla in the antennae of A. ludens, involved in the perception of odors, temperature, humidity, and movement. Based on their external shape, size, cuticle-thickness, and presence of pores, we identified six types of sensilla with 16 subtypes (one chaetica in the pedicel, four clavate, two trichoid, four basiconic, one styloconic, and one campaniform-like in the flagellum, and three additional ones in the two chambers of the sensory pit (pit-basiconic I and II, and pit-styloconic)), some of them described for the first time in A. ludens. We also report, for the first time, two types of pores in the sensilla (hourglass and wedge shapes) that helped classify the sensilla. Additionally, we report a campaniform-like sensillum only observed by transmission electronic microscopy on the flagellum, styloconic and basiconic variants inside the sensory pit, and an “hourglass-shaped” pore in six sensilla types. We discuss and suggest the possible function of each sensillum according to their characteristics and unify previously used criteria in the only previous study on the topic.