Magnesium doped LiNixMnyCozO2 cathode- structural properties

Abstract

High energy density and low-cost lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most efficient energy storage devices. Moreover, LIBs with nickel-rich LiNixMnyCozO2 (N-NMC) cathodes provide an attractive candidate for electric vehicle applications due to their performance metrics. In the N-NMC, each element offers different properties, including high capacity, good cycling, and excellent conductivity. But, ion mixing, metal-ion dissolution, oxygen loss, etc., on the cathode surface cause severe effects on the electrode. Consequently, magnesium (Mg) doping on the NMC cathode eliminates these drawbacks, ensures high thermal stability, inhibits cation mixing, and prevents irreversible capacity loss. Additionally, the low-cost co-precipitation method aids in the highly efficient synthesizing of homogeneous Mg-doped NMC cathode materials. Here, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the phase and crystallinity of the materials, with I(003)/I(104) ratios of 1.4942, 0.9790, and 0.9148 for NMC, NMC1, and NMC2. The morphology of the layered pristine and doped NMC has been detected using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Raman spectra determine the crystal chemistry of layered transition metals, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) detects the vibration spectra of a substance. Based on these results, an improved N-NMC cathode may represent the best electrode material for energy storage devices.

Keywords

• Lithium-ion batteries
• N-NMC cathode
• Magnesium doping
• Surface analysis