High-Efficiency Renewable Penetration via Dynamic Decentralized Droop Control in Microgrid Systems

Abstract

Grid-forming inverters represent a transformative advancement in power grid management, providing a flexible solution for optimizing energy systems and enhancing grid stability amid the increasing integration of renewable energy and growing grid complexity. This control strategy focuses on regulating voltage and frequency, enabling decentralized energy sources, such as renewables, to synchronize effectively with the island grid, ensuring a stable power supply. This study aims to develop a control algorithm for decentralized grid-forming inverters utilizing renewable energy resources and diesel generators. The proposed system incorporates five distributed generators: a fuel cell, wind turbine, photovoltaic panel, battery energy storage system, and diesel generator. An adaptive fuzzy-based droop controller is employed to meet the study’s objectives, with one component tracking reference voltage and frequency and another addressing the load’s active and reactive power demands. Validation through Matlab/Simulink demonstrates effective voltage and frequency regulation at the point of common coupling, supported by compelling simulation results. The study’s alignment with expected outcomes highlights the system’s reliability and robustness in maintaining grid stability amid dynamic load conditions and renewable energy integration. Furthermore, practical assessments on a test bed validate consistent active and reactive power sharing across all microgrids, reinforcing the proposed control strategy’s effectiveness in optimizing energy management and enhancing power distribution system performance.

Keywords

• Grid forming
• renewable penetration
• voltage source converter
• decentralized control
• island grid operation
• MIMO converter