Transmission of Vortex Solitons in Three-Dimensional <i>χ</i>⁽²⁾ Helical-Periodically Poled Ferroelectric Crystals

Abstract

It is well known that bright vortex solitons are unstable in the χ2 nonlinear media due to the strong azimuthal modulation instability. To solve this problem, a quadratic (χ2) LiNbO3 ferroelectric crystal with a special kind of helical-periodically poled structure is proposed. The proposed structure is designed by embedding topological charges into the crystal with a quasi-phase matching technique. Simulation results indicate that vortex solitons containing fundamental-frequency and second-harmonic waves can robustly propagate over a distance. Two types of vortex states are obtained: double vortices state and vortex–antivortex state. The dependence of effective area, propagation constants, and maximum light intensity on the control parameters are presented. These results provide a new solution for robust transmission of bright vortex solitons in a χ2 nonlinear media.

Keywords

• vortex solitons
• quasi-phase matching
• quadratic nonlinear effect
• helical-periodically poled lithium niobate