A Potential Role for MMPs during the Formation of Non-Neurogenic Placodes

Abstract

The formation of non-neurogenic placodes is critical prior to the development of several epithelial derivatives (e.g., feathers, teeth, etc.) and their development frequently involves morphogenetic proteins (or morphogens). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, and recent research has shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) can modulate morphogen diffusion and cell behaviors. This review summarizes the known roles of MMPs during the development of non-neurogenic structures that involve a placodal stage. Specifically, we discuss feather, hair, tooth, mammary gland and lens development. This review highlights the potential critical role MMPs may play during placode formation in these systems.

Keywords

• extracellular matrix
• morphogens
• embryo
• matrix metalloproteases
• tooth
• lens
• mammary gland
• feather
• hair
• β-catenin
• patterning